美国著名建筑设计师访谈 克雷格 哈特曼

【人物介绍】
克雷格 哈特曼是美国著名建筑设计师，目前为美国SOM建筑设计事务所的合伙人。他的设计关注当前的时代环境及城市和自然环境的可持续发展。
作品包括美国驻华新使馆、哈佛大学西北科学中心、旧金山国际机场、基督之光大教堂（又名奥克兰大教堂）等。2001年，哈特曼获得美国建筑师协会(AIA) 加利福尼亚委员会颁发的Maybeck奖，成为该奖最年轻的得主。

Q: As a religious architecture, what specific part did you pay most of your attention to when doing the design? What was you goal when you were thinking about building such a cathedral (Cathedral of Christ the Light/the Oakland Cathedral)?

问：对于一座宗教建筑，您在设计的时候最关注的具体部分是什么？在您考虑建造这样一座大教堂（基督之光大教堂，又名奥克兰大教堂）的时候，您的目标是什么？

A: My first concern about the Cathedral was how to make a place of cultural authenticity1. For me this meant respecting the fact that we are building in the 21st century on the Pacific Rim in a city that is one of the most multi-cultural places on earth. I thought it was important to separate the idea of sacred space from the familiar forms that we often associate with religious buildings of other eras the great basilica2form cathedrals of 15th and 16th century Europe, for example and fundamentally examine the meaning of spiritual space in our time.

答：我首先考虑的是如何建造一座能体现文化真实性的建筑。对我来说，这就意味着我要尊重这样一个事实：我们是在21 世纪太平洋沿岸地区一个最具多元文化的城市建造一座教堂。我认为重要的是要将我们对宗教建筑的概念同我们所熟悉并时常联想到的其他时代的宗教建筑形态区分开 比如说15世纪和16世纪欧洲宏伟的长方形廊柱大厅式教堂 并从根本上追索我们这个时代精神空间的内涵。
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Q: You said, “My first idea was to make this facility very integrated into the city itself.” Is it why we finally have a cathedral with such a modern appearance? 　　
问：您说过：“我第一个想法是使这座建筑完全同城市本身相融合。”这就是我们最终看到了一座有着现代外观的教堂的原因吗？
A: The great value of cities is the cultural richness they provide. I thought this building should be physically and symbolically connected with the city as a powerful social and cultural resource for Oakland. At the same time the Cathedral itself and its grounds should provide a place of respite3from our unrelenting4secular5world. The Cathedral s gardens and dependencies6are very open and connected to the city as an extension of Oakland s Cartesian urban grid. The Cathedral itself is turned slightly from this grid in alignment with the long axis of Lake Merritt. In doing so, the Cathedral is symbolically connected to nature in contrast to the gardens and dependencies. The Cathedral s modern aesthetics spring not from its relationship to the city but rather from its authentic relationship with our contemporary moment in time the 21st century.
答：城市的巨大价值在于其所呈现的丰富多彩的文化。我认为，这座建筑应该作为奥克兰一个强大的社会与文化资源，在外形和寓意上都与这座城市彼此相联。同时，教堂本身和它周围的场地则应该成为人们暂时摆脱严酷的世俗世界的地方。教堂的花园和其他附属建筑非常开阔，它们作为奥克兰笛卡尔坐标式城市布局的延伸而与城市相连接。与花园和附属建筑不同的是，教堂本身稍稍偏离这个坐标，同梅里特湖并行，这寓意着它同自然紧密相连。教堂的现代美感并非源自与城市的关系，而是源自其同21世纪这个时代的真实关系。
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Q: Except the appearance, where can we find other innovative elements at the Cathedral you think that our readers cannot miss? How could you combine the modern style with the spirituality of a cathedral?

问：除了外观，您认为这座教堂还有什么其他的创新是我们的读者不能忽略的吗？您怎么将建筑的现代风格同一座教堂的精神内涵相结合？

A: The most important quality of the Cathedral s architecture is its relationship to light. The building itself is luminous through the use of curving exterior veils of translucent7, transparent and opaque glass. Passing through clear glass margins, light strikes the interior surface of these veils causing them to glow with natural light during the day and light from the sanctuary8at night. On the exterior, this creates the constantly changing image of ephemeral9 luminosity10 rather than the ancient perception of architecture as shade, shadow and texture.

答：这座教堂最重要的特质就是其与光线的关系。该建筑本身就是发光的，因为采用层式法安装了半透明、透明和不透明的玻璃幕墙。经由透明的玻璃边缘，光线穿透到玻璃幕墙的内层表面，这样白天自然光就能让教堂闪亮，而晚上的时候教堂内发出的光也能让它的外表闪闪发亮。这样，从外观来看，它就可以营造出瞬息万变、流光溢彩的形象，而不是像古时候人们所认为的那样教堂就是一座阴暗的建筑而已。

Light can be considered the physical manifestation of God s presence, in fact biblical11stories state that light was God s first creation. I wanted this Cathedral to strip away the received iconography12that has been layered upon religious architecture over the centuries and return to the earliest principles of Christianity. The spare rigor of modern architecture was the best way to get there. (To be continued)

光可以被看做是上帝存在的具体体现，事实上圣经故事也说上帝首先创造了光。我希望通过这座教堂能消除人们很多世纪以来对宗教建筑的传统印象，回归基督教精神的本真。现代建筑的极度精确性是达到这一目标的最好方式。（待续）

1. authenticity n. 真实性，可靠性

2. basilica n. 长方形廊柱大厅（两边各有一排廊柱，一端呈半圆形，古罗马时用作审判或集会场所）；长方形廊柱大厅式基督教堂

3. respite n. 暂息（时间），喘息（时间），（痛苦等的）暂时缓解

4. unrelenting a. 冷酷无情的，不怜悯的；严厉的

5. secular a. 世俗的，尘世的，现世的

6. dependency n. 附属建筑物，外屋

7. translucent a. 半透明的

8. sanctuary n. 圣所（指教堂、寺院等）

9. ephemeral a. 极短的，短暂的

10. luminosity n. 发光，发亮，光辉

11. biblical a.《圣经》的，有关《圣经》的

12. iconography n.（尤指关于某一宗教题材或传说的）传统性形象